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A standard language (also standard dialect or standardized dialect) is a language variety used by a group of people in their public discourse. Alternatively, varieties become standard by undergoing a process of standardization, during which it is organized for description in grammars and dictionaries and encoded in such reference works.〔 Typically, varieties that become standardized are the local dialects spoken in the centers of commerce and government, where a need arises for a variety that will serve more than local needs. A standard language can be either pluricentric〔Clyne 1992〕 (e.g. Arabic, English, German, Persian, Serbo-Croatian, French, Portuguese and Spanish) or monocentric (e.g. Icelandic, Italian,〔(Italian language ). language-capitals.com〕 Japanese,〔 and Russian〔Clyne 1992, p. 3.〕). A standard written language is sometimes termed by the German word ''Schriftsprache''. ==Characteristics== The only requirement for a variety to be standard is that it can frequently be used in public places or public discourse.〔 The creation of a prescriptive standard language derives from a desire for national (cultural, political, and social) cohesion, with this considered requiring an agreed-upon, standardized language variety. Standard languages commonly feature: * A recognized dictionary (standardized spelling and vocabulary) * A recognized grammar * A standard pronunciation (educated speech) * A linguistic institution defining usage norms; e.g. Académie française or Real Academia Española * Constitutional (legal) status (frequently as an official language) * Effective public use (court, legislature, schools) * A literary canon * Convenience speaking * Popularity and acceptance in the community〔 * Population〔 * Used in the broad-casting and news media 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「standard language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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